Alfred Nobel Biography: There have been many great personalities and scientists in the world who spent the money earned by their ability and talent in charity. Among them, Alfred Nobel was such a scientist who dedicated his immense wealth to the scientists through his will. He donated the wealth earned from the invention of dynamite to a trust for the welfare of mankind. From that money preserved in the Nobel Foundation Trust, the world’s highest peace prize is awarded in his name for physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, economics and peace, which is known as the Nobel Peace Prize. So far people in the world have received Nobel Peace Prize in various fields.
Alfred Bernhard Nobel was born on 21 October 1833 in Stockholm, Sweden. His father, Immanuel Nobel, was an inventor but he was illiterate. When Alfred was 4 years old, his father had to move to Russia. After that in 1859, when the Nitroglycerin Firm went bankrupt, Nobel’s father came to Sweden and started the production of nitroglycerin. Noble’s younger brother, along with many of the workers, died when the factory exploded in 1864.
The building was completely demolished. Due to lack of permission to restore the factory, he continued production by building a dam on Malaren Sarovar. His research work was focused on the safe transportation of nitroglycerin. One day suddenly Nitroglycerin got absorbed in a special organic packing and turned into dry matter. With this new discovery, he went ahead and succeeded in the creation of Dynamite. Studied science, literature, chemistry, physics by staying at Alfred’s own house.
At the age of 17, she learned to speak fluently in Russian, French, German, and English languages. His father wanted him to become an engineer. Sent to Paris to become a chemical engineer. He met the Parisian chemist Ascanio Subero, who had invented nitroglycerin. If a drop of this powerful substance was placed on the table and struck with a hammer, it would explode with a fierce explosion and the handle would be scattered far away. Suberro was injured by this invention. When Alfred returned to St. Pittsburgh in 1852, father and son started researching in this direction.
After coming to Stockholm, he became rich in the mineral oil industry. When he was preparing explosives using nitroglycerin, his brother Emil and his fellow workers were killed in a fierce explosion in 1864. After this terrible accident, Alfred continued the permanent and useful use of nitroglycerin. In 1866, at the age of 33, Alfred was reversing a test tube filled with nitroglycerin when the test tube suddenly fell down.
Coincidentally, this test tube fell into a box filled with sawdust, which was absorbed by the sawdust. If it had fallen, everyone working in the laboratory, including Alfred, would have died. On examination of nitroglycerin found in wood sawdust, it was found that it did not contain as much explosive as it was in liquid form. So he mixed nitroglycerin with silica to make a paste that could be converted into sticks of any size. These sticks were easy to use to explode.
Alfred Nobel also invented the detonator. Now he thought of using his invented explosive dynamite commercially. In 1867, he obtained the British patent for dynamite, in 1868, the US patent. In 1889 he created a smokeless explosive called Ballistite. In his 335 patents, he also obtained patents for synthetic rubber, leather and artificial silk. He also built a huge factory of explosives.
After this, one by one the factories did new experiments one by one. The railway line was being built from the explosives prepared by him. Make paths by digging the mountains. Mines were being dug. He had accumulated a lot of money. Alfred’s finger was cut off while using it in 1875. He applied colloidal gum substance on it. The mucous membrane was formed by the action of nitroglycerin with colloidal. Now when he heated the colloidal with nitroglycerin, it became a powerful explosive which he named dynamite gum.
In other places, Nobel (Alfred Nobel) opened explosive factories for which he had to run for the operation, due to which his health kept deteriorating. He was not able to speak his words even after being attracted to his beautiful secretary Bertha. She married a young man from Austria. Thus Noble remained unmarried. Alfred used to think that when all the countries of the world become powerful, then peace will be established automatically because the desire to destroy and conquer each other will automatically end, but this could not happen.
Alfred Nobel was not only a skilled inventor but also a successful industrialist and a supporter of human peace. He had provided pension, insurance, health facilities for the welfare of the employees at that time. For those who did extraordinary work of noble, donated the entire part of his property to charity according to the will. In his view there was no discrimination of any kind with scientists, litterateurs etc. He was also a poet at heart. He was very fond of books. In his personal library there was a storehouse of books of various philosophers, historians, scientists, litterateurs, he was missing a fresh family and good health.
He was deeply saddened to learn that dynamite was being used for human murder in his last days. He died tragically on 10 December 1896 in the city of Sanermo, Italy. Alfred has given the property of $ 92 million to those who have done remarkable work of literature and science. In the beginning of 1901, the value of this award was estimated at 8 lakhs. This award is given every year on 10 December by the Swedish government for peace.
In the year 1901, in the memory of Alfred Nobel, the credit of getting the first prize in the memory of X-rays goes to Wilhelm Röntgen in physics, in the field of peace, to Jean Henri Dunant and Frédéric Passy, to Sully Prudhomme in literature, to Wathoff in the field of chemistry. And Emil von Behring got in the field of medicine. The first Nobel Prize winner was Madam Curie, who received this award in both physics and chemistry. His two generations won 5 Nobel Prizes. So far 5 Indians have got the distinction of receiving this award, in which Tagore, CV Raman, Mother Teresa, Amartya Sen, Chandrasekhar Venkataraman are.
Alfred Nobel will remain immortal in this world even today because he presented a unique example of his huge heart by providing such a huge amount for the great people working for the benefit of humanity. The whole world will remember him for life for his contribution. Their dynamite is still used to build roads, dig tunnels, build dams and for peace. The dynamite used for destruction in wars was a curse for them.
